Technical Articles
(AutoTFF075, Exosome-Like Nanovesicles ) Yibo Zheng, et al. Dark tea-derived exosome-like nanovesicles suppress hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting Akt pathway and modulating immune profiles. Phytomedicine. 2026.
2026-08-27 10:09
(AutoTFF075, Exosome-Like Nanovesicles ) Yibo Zheng, et al. Dark tea-derived exosome-like nanovesicles suppress hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting Akt pathway and modulating immune profiles.
Phytomedicine. 2026. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944711326007816
Highlights
• Combined advantages of raw components and novel administrating manner of dark tea.
• Combined analyses for clarifying material basis and potential mechanism of DTELNs.
• Inhibit the Akt relevant pathways thus induce cell apoptosis and arrest cell cycle.
• DTELNs showed well pharmaceutical activities, biosafety and organ targeting features.
• First attempt of employ PDO samples for evaluating PELNs’ clinical applicability.
Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence indicates the microbial fermentation enhanced the health benefits and potential anti-tumor effect of dark tea. However, low bioavailability and unclarified therapeutic mechanisms impeded its deeply application. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles offered a promising option for improving bioavailability and targeted delivery capability.
Purpose
To obtain dark tea-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (DTELNs) and clarify their material basis, investigate the therapeutic effects on hepatocyte carcinoma (HCC) and potential mechanisms.
The raw material of dark tea used in this research was handmade golden brick tea, purchased from Anhua First Tea factory of China Tea Co. Ltd (Item No HT2139). Dark tea leaves were scattered from the brick and soaked with 10 times of PBS (v:w) for 1 h, then the mixture were juiced and stored at 4℃ overnight. The juice was crude filtered and centrifuged for 15 min at 3,000×g for twice to remove the large sized debris. The supernatants were firstly purified with tangential flow filtration (AutoTFF075-M, Inscinstech, Suzhou, China) coupled with a 750 kDa CleaSep® Hollow Fiber Filter (HFELA750100640, Membrane Solutions (Nantong) Co., Ltd, China), the final volume of supernatants were concentrated to about 30 ml. Next, the suspension was further filtered with a 0.45 μm filter, and ultra-centrifugated for 90 min at 120,000×g for twice to obtain purified DTELNs, the sediments were resuspended in ice-cold PBS, filtered with a 0.22 μm Millipore membrane and aliquoted, store in − 80℃ . For long-term storage, samples were prepared into lyophilized powder using the vacuum freeze-drying machine and hermetically stored in − 20 ℃ .
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